• Now that the North Doesnโ€™t Need African Energy, Oil and Gas Must Stay in the Ground

    Following a series of attacks during the Invest in African Energy forum in Paris this May, environmental group Friends of the Earth has attempted to justify their actions at the event โ€“ a forum which sought to increase investment in African energy and bolster Africaโ€™s economic development. The group stated that it is an โ€œillusionโ€ that developing oil and gas will lead to development in Africa, despite stating that the Global North has used African resources to develop for decades.

    Friends of the Earth: Now that the North Doesnโ€™t Need African Energy, Oil and Gas Must Stay in the Ground

    Friends of the Earth Africa explained to Rigzone that, โ€œFossil fuels have been extracted from different parts of the African continent for more than 60 years, mostly for export to serve the countries of the global North.โ€

    This is true. They continue to explain that this has resulted in environmental degradation, gas flaring, negative health impacts, human rights abuses and more, all while 600 million people lack access to electricity and 700 million have no access to clean cooking solutions. This is also true, and yet, rather ironically, the group continues to demonize the development of oil and gas in Africa at a time when the continent is planning to utilize these resources to address its own energy access and clean cooking challenges.

    As sovereign nations, African countries have the right and the responsibility to use their natural resources to improve the lives of their people. At the African Energy Chamber (AEC) โ€“ the voice of Africaโ€™s energy industry โ€“ we are confident that we can, indeed, achieve this goal โ€“ despite blatant and spiteful attacks by foreign environmental groups. It is disheartening to see groups like Friends of the Earth pursuing actions that could jeopardize Africaโ€™s oil and gas development all in the name of preventing climate change. Never mind the importance of natural gas to Africans; of its potential to grow and diversify economies; of the role it will play in alleviating energy poverty and bolstering clean cooking access; of the considerable time and resources that African governments have invested in making LNG projects possible.

    โ€œThis is not the first time that non-Africans have attempted to interfere with Africaโ€™s oil and gas industry. International organizations such as the World Bank, the International Energy Agency and private investors face pressure by environmental groups to stop financing African fossil fuel production,โ€ states NJ Ayuk, Executive Chairman of the AEC.

    Natural gas, in particular, is set to transform African countries. Mozambique, for example, has placed gas-to-power at the very heart of its development plans. The country has over 100 trillion cubic feet of offshore gas reserves, with the 450 MW Temane power plant on track for production in 2024. Energy major TotalEnergies has also announced plans to supply 1,000 MW of electricity to South Africa from the Matola LNG-to-power project in Mozambique.

    In North Africa, Algeria has used gas to not only power its economy, but also generate revenue that feeds into other industries across the country. The country is the fifth largest LNG producer globally and has used export revenues to develop its local power generation and transmission infrastructure. Power plants consume 40% of the countryโ€™s gas resources and the country enjoys an electrification rate of 99.8%.

    Nigeria is on a similar trajectory. At over 200 tcf, the country has the largest gas reserves in Africa, with the share of gas in the domestic energy mix projected to increase to 57% by 2040. The $2 billion Egbin Phase II project is expected to come online this year, increasing output by an additional 1,900 MW at the 1,320 MW facility. Construction has also started on a 1.35 GW gas-to-power project, developed by technology company GE Vernova, while the Nigeria LNG Train Expansion project โ€“ a $5 billion development โ€“ will increase the Nigeria LNG terminal production capacity by 35%.

    Angola is already taking concrete steps towards eliminating gas flaring โ€“ having endorsed the World Bankโ€™s Zero Routine Flaring by 2030 initiative โ€“ and positioning natural gas as a key pillar of economic growth. TotalEnergies recently achieved FID on its Cameia-Golfinho gas field development, which is set to utilize a zero-flaring concept and supply gas to a combined cycle turbine to produce electricity for domestic use. Development of the Quiluma and Maboqueiro fields โ€“ the countryโ€™s first non-associated gas project โ€“ is also underway and will supply the Angola LNG facility.

    Meanwhile, the Republic of Congo is finalizing its Gas Master Plan, which will provide a framework for harnessing natural gas both for domestic consumption and export. The country exported its first LNG cargo from the Congo LNG project earlier this year, and with 10 tcf of natural gas resources, is well on its way to monetizing untapped reserves. Yet, Friends of the Earth โ€“ a group which has also benefited from African resources โ€“ believes they know what is best for the continent. They believe that their solutions, and not the ones of Africans, should be adopted. They are proving time and time again that they have no qualms in dismissing African voices.

    โ€œAfrica cannot be a continent where our budgets are left to donors. Every time we go begging to other countries for aid, the dignity of Africans suffers. What the AEC is advocating for โ€“ and will continue fighting for despite attempts by foreign groups to disrupt progress โ€“ is for all Africans to have the dignity of work, the ability to build better lives and to harness their natural resources to alleviate energy poverty. We want an Africa that not only develops but thrives, and leveraging natural gas is the only feasible path to achieving that goal,โ€ added Ayuk.

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  • 41 African countries set for stronger growth in 2024

    East Africa is fastest growing region, West Africa to pick up, and Southern Africa to record slight increase in growth; Report proposes bold reforms of the global financial architecture, stronger African voice in MDBs.

    African economies remain resilient, despite challenges that are testing economies worldwide. According to the latest African Development Bank Groupโ€™s African Economic Outlook (https://apo-opa.co/3KrFNjn), 41 countries on the continent are projected to experience stronger growth rates in 2024 than they did in 2023.

    The report unveiled at the Bankโ€™s Annual Meetings on Thursday in Nairobi, described Africaโ€™s growth potential as โ€˜remarkableโ€™. The continent will retain its 2023 ranking as the second fastest-growing region after developing Asia in 2024 and 2025. The theme of the 2024 AEO, โ€œDriving Africaโ€™s Transformation: The Reform of the Global Financial Architecture,โ€ aligns with the Bankโ€™s Annual Meetingsโ€™ theme.

    African Development Bank President Dr Akinwumi Adesina said while the Bank was proud of the growth projections of many African countries as reflected in the report, it was not blind to the challenges. โ€œAfricaโ€™s future is bright, but need to make sure we tackle governance, transparency, accountability, and management of our natural capital. We need to make sure resources are used for the benefit of the people of this continentโ€ฆ The kind of resilience we are talking about cannot happen unless we deal with the issue of climate change.โ€

    He added: โ€œWe must make sure we are investing in our young peopleโ€”in their skills, talents, entrepreneurship, and giving them tools. That is why I am excited about what we are doing with the Youth Entrepreneurship Investment Banks.โ€

    The report warns that Africa is off track to meet almost all of the Sustainable Development Goals by 2030.

    It argues that unless corrective action is taken, including to reverse the steepening poverty curve, Africa will be home to almost 9 out of 10 (or 87%) of the worldโ€™s extreme poor by 2030.

    According to the African Economic Outlook, the rebound in Africaโ€™s average growth includes a rise to 3.7% in 2024 and 4.3% in 2025, exceeding the projected global average of 3.2%. Of this figure, 17 African economies are projected to grow by more than 5 percent in 2024. The number could rise to 24 in 2025, as the pace of growth accelerates.

    This growth trajectory is expected to surpass pre-2023 levels, with East Africa leading as the fastest-growing region (up to 3.4 percentage points). Other regions are also projected to witness moderate to robust growth.

    In a presentation, Chief Economist and Vice President of the African Development Bank, Prof Kevin Chika Urama, underscored why strategic policies and firm political commitment are key to the effective use of resource wealth for domestic revenue generation.

    He also described hard infrastructure, including roads, railways, and bridges, and soft infrastructure, including knowledge and institutional governance capacity, as โ€œtwo wings of an aircraftโ€.

    โ€œInvesting in productive infrastructure is key to accelerating Africaโ€™s structural transformation,โ€ he said.

    Growth performance and outlook by region:

    Growth prospects vary across Africaโ€™s regions, reflecting differences in economic structure, commodity dependence, and policies.

    East Africa, the continentโ€™s fastest-growing region, will see real GDP growth rising from an estimated 1.5% in 2023 to 4.9% in 2024 and 5.7% in 2025. The downward revision of 0.2 percentage point for 2024 compared with the forecast in the January 2024 Africaโ€™s Macroeconomic Performance and Outlook (MEO) (https://apo-opa.co/4bY0sqN) is due to larger-than-expected contractions in Sudan and South Sudan following the ongoing conflict in the former.

    Growth in Central Africa is forecast to moderate from 4.3% in 2023 to 4.1% in 2024 before improving strongly to 4.7% in 2025. The upgraded forecast is due to expectations of stronger growth in Chad and the Democratic Republic of Congo as a result of favourable metal prices.

    Growth is projected to pick up in West Africa, rising from an estimated 3.6% in 2023 to 4.2% in 2024 and consolidating at 4.4% the following year. This is an upgrade of 0.3 percentage point for 2024 over the January MEO 2024 projections, reflecting stronger growth in the regionโ€™s large economiesโ€”Cรดte dโ€™Ivoire, Ghana, Nigeria, and Senegal.

    In North Africa, growth is projected to decline from an estimated 4.1% in 2023 to 3.6% in 2024 and 4.2% in 2025, with a downward revision of 0.3 percentage point for 2024 from the January 2024 MEO. Except for Libya and Mauritania, growth has been revised downward for all other countries in the region.

    Growth in Southern Africa is projected to pick up slightly from an estimated 1.6% in 2023 to 2.2% in 2024 and firm up to 2.7% in 2025. The growth rates for 2024 and 2025 show an upgrade of 0.1 percentage point over the January 2024 projections, mainly reflecting a 0.7 percentage point increase in South Africaโ€™s projected growth. Due to South Africaโ€™s larger weight in the region, the upgraded growth forecast offset the combined effect of downward revisions in Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.

    African Economic Outlook makes bold proposals to reform the global financial architecture

    The African Economic Outlook 2024 calls for an overhaul of the global financial architecture to transform African economies. This includes giving Africa a greater voice in multilateral development banks and international financial institutions, reflecting its growing share of global gross domestic product and rich natural resources.

    Adesina said, โ€œLetโ€™s be clear. By seeking to transform the global financial architecture, Africa is just asking for a fair share of access and availability of resources to build on our vast economic opportunities.โ€

    The report highlights the glaring inadequacies of the current global financial system in closing Africaโ€™s financing gap for structural transformation, estimated at US$402.2 billion annually between now and 2030. To rectify these disparities, the report proposes a bold agenda for reforming the global financial architecture, including in the five following key areas:

    Leveraging Private Sector Financing: The African Economic Outlook advocates for greater private sector participation to complement public investments, particularly in areas with high social returns such as climate action and human capital development.

    Simplifying the Global Climate Finance Architecture: The report calls for streamlining the global climate finance architecture to enhance coordination and facilitate access for African countries, which are disproportionately affected by climate change.

    Reforming Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs): The AEO urges MDBs to revise their business models to provide long-term concessional financing at scale, to developing countries, bolstering their capital positions, channeling a portion of IMFโ€™s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) to MDBs and ensuring a healthy replenishment of the concessional windows of the African Development Bank and the World Bankโ€”the African Development Fund and the International Development Association.

    Streamlining Debt Resolution Mechanisms: Recognizing the slow and cumbersome nature of existing debt resolution mechanisms, the African Economic Outlook advocates for reforms to expedite debt workouts and ensure sustainable debt management, including innovative market-based solutions like โ€œBrady bonds,โ€ debt relief for climate purposes, and sovereign debt authority systems.

    Enhancing Domestic Resource Mobilization: The report emphasizes the importance of strengthening domestic revenue mobilization through improved tax policies, enhancing efficiency in government revenue collection and utilization, combatting illicit financial flows and tax avoidance, and leveraging Africaโ€™s abundant natural resources.

    According to the report, โ€œDomestic resource mobilization is good, but so is the prudent use of such resources. Countries should therefore strengthen capacity to improve public finance managementโ€

    Every year, the African Economic Outlook report provides timely evidence and analysis crucial for African policymakers, empowering them to make informed decisions.

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  • Akinwumi Adesina, Idris Elba Headline 10th Edition of The Africa Debate in London

    Invest Africa (www.InvestAfrica.com), a leading pan-African trade and investment platform, will host the 10th annual Africa Debate on 6th June at the Guildhall, London, under the theme of “Africaโ€™s role in a changing global order.โ€ The Africa Debate is Londonโ€™s leading Africa-focused investment forum. 

    Samaila Zubairu, H.E.Wamkele Mene, Rt. Hon. Mark Simmonds during Fireside chat at The Africa Debate 2023

    The Africa Debate at the Guildhall in 2023

    Throughout the conference speakers will discuss and debate the continentโ€™s trade and investment landscape, as well as its leadership position on the international stage. Programme highlights will include Samaila Zubairu, President and Chief Executive Officer, Africa Finance Corporation; Dr Akinwumi Adesina, President, African Development Bank Group; The Rt Hon Andrew Mitchell MP, Deputy Foreign Secretary and Minister of State (Development and Africa), Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office; H.E. Dr Musalia Mudavadi, Prime Cabinet Secretary and Cabinet Secretary, Ministry of Foreign and Diaspora Affairs, Republic of Kenya; H.E. Dr Leila Benali, Minister of Energy Transition and Sustainable Development, Kingdom of Morocco; Diana Layfield, Chair, British International Investment; Kanayo Awani, Executive Vice-President, Intra-African Trade Bank, Afreximbank; and Idris Elba, Actor, Filmmaker, Musician, Entrepreneur, and Activist; amongst other leaders from government and private enterprise. 

    Africa Finance Corporation (AFC) is Headline Partner for the Forum, with other partners including Absa, Afreximbank, Africa HR Solutions, Arise IIP, Brand South Africa, Crown Agents Bank, DLA Piper, Embassy of the Kingdom of Morocco in the United Kingdom, Genesis Energy Group, IPT Africa, Moodyโ€™s Ratings, Plantations et Huileries du Congo, Standard Chartered, and Xcalibur Smart Mapping.

    Samaila Zubairu, President and Chief Executive Officer, AFC said: โ€œAFC is proud to once again be the Headline Partner for The Africa Debate, London’s leading Africa-focused investment forum. As the continent’s leading infrastructure solutions provider, AFC is committed to advancing Africaโ€™s crucial role on the global stage โ€“ working with governments, private sector, and other investors to finance projects that drive rapid industrialisation on the continent and directly facilitate intra- and extra-African trade. We look forward to this milestone 10th edition of The Africa Debate โ€“ a staple on the calendar for Africa-focused investors and businesses alike.โ€

    Chantelรฉ Carrington, Chief Executive Officer, Invest Africa said: โ€œAfrica has long been heralded as the worldโ€™s final frontier for substantial growth and investment, but the actual influx of long-term investment has seldom mirrored this optimistic rhetoric. The continent has also contended with the hierarchical structures of the global order. However, perhaps more than ever before, African leaders are leveraging shifting global power dynamics to redefine their roles, and global leaders are awakening to the imperative of engaging more consistently โ€“ and substantively โ€“ with the continent. At The Africa Debate, we will explore these dynamics, including the continentโ€™s role in everything from the global energy transition to global AI governance.

    To attend the 10th edition of The Africa Debate and wider programme register here (https://apo-opa.co/3VlbHEp), use the discount code TAD_20 on the Last Minute Delegate ticket to save 20%. 

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  • Vaclav Bartuska to Explore Collaborative Energy Ventures at Angola Oil & Gas event

    Ambassador at Large and Special Envoy for Energy Security at the Czech Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vaclav Bartuska will participate as a speaker during this yearโ€™s Angola Oil & Gas (AOG) 2024 conference and exhibition.

    Bartuskaโ€™s participation at AOG 2024 โ€“ taking place October 2-3 in Luanda under the theme Driving Exploration and Development Towards Increased Production in Angola โ€“ is expected to drive efforts towards economic diversification and multilateral development.

    Organized by Energy Capital & Power, AOG is the largest oil and gas event on Angola. Taking place with the full support of the Ministry of Mineral Resources, Oil and Gas; national oil company Sonangol; the ANPG; the African Energy Chamber; and the Petroleum Derivatives Regulatory Association, the event is a platform to sign deals and advance Angolaโ€™s oil and gas industry. To sponsor or participate as a delegate, please contact sales@energycapitalpower.com.

    With the governments of the Czech Republic and Angola having recently met to increase cooperation in the areas of aviation and transport, healthcare, smart agriculture, mining and geological exploration, the two countries are well-positioned to benefit from mutual cooperation, investment protection and promotion.

    Key topics of the meeting, which included the President of Angola Joรฃo Manuel Lourenรงo and the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic Petr Fiala were economic cooperation, support for Czech exports and investments and defense-industrial cooperation. It was noted during the meeting that the Czech Republic is interested in participating in the Lobito rail corridor project โ€“ a 1,300km railway from the port of Lobito to Angolaโ€™s border with the Democratic Republic of Congo.

    As such, Bartuskaโ€™s participation at AOG 2024 is poised to give a new impetus to the relations between the Czech Republic and Angola while providing opportunities for the countries to advance strategic partnerships and drive a new generation of economic ties between Europe and Africa.

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  • Billions of dollars worth of African gold is being smuggled into the UAE each year

    Each year, as much as $35 billion worth of gold produced by artisanal and small-scale mining in Africa โ€” the worldโ€™s top gold producing continent โ€” goes undeclared and then smuggled out of its borders.

    The vast majority of it goes to the United Arab Emirates, according to research published by the independent Switzerland-based aid and advocacy organization SwissAid.

    โ€œMore than 435 tonnes of gold was smuggled out of Africa in 2022, representing more than a tonne a day,โ€ the organizationโ€™s report, published Thursday, wrote. One tonne refers to a metric ton, which is equivalent to 2,204 pounds.

    The smuggled 435 metric tons carry a value of $30.7 billion based on gold prices on May 1, 2024, the report detailed, adding: โ€œThe overwhelming majority of this gold was imported into the United Arab Emirates (UAE) before being re-exported to other countries.โ€

    Most industrial gold exported from African countries goes to South Africa, Switzerland and India. Industrial gold, which makes up roughly 11% of all gold produced, is used in the medical, electronics, automotive, aerospace and defense industries.

    But the majority of artisanal and small-scale mining, or ASM, gold produced on the continent โ€” to the tune of 80% to 85% โ€” goes to the UAE, SwissAid wrote.

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  • Hate speech and disinformation in South Africaโ€™s elections: big tech make it tough to monitor socialย media

    Guy Berger, Rhodes University

    Thereโ€™s a growing global movement to ensure that researchers can get access to the huge quantity of data assembled and exploited by digital operators.

    Momentum is mounting because itโ€™s becoming increasingly evident that data is power. And access to it is the key โ€“ for a host of reasons, not least transparency, human rights and electoral integrity.

    But thereโ€™s currently a massive international asymmetry in access to data.

    In the European Union and the US, some progress has been made. For example, EU researchers studying risks have a legal right of access. In the US too, some companies have taken voluntary steps to improve access.

    The situation is generally very different in the global south.

    The value of data access can be seen vividly in the monitoring of social media during elections. South Africa is a case in point. A powerful โ€œbig dataโ€ analysis was recently published about online attacks on women journalists there, raising the alarm about escalation around โ€“ and after โ€“ the election on 29 May.

    A number of groups working with data are attempting to monitor hate speech and disinformation on social media ahead of South Africaโ€™s national and provincial polls. At a recent workshop involving 10 of these initiatives, participants described trying to detect co-ordinated โ€œinformation operationsโ€ that could harm the election, including via foreign interference.

    But these researchers canโ€™t get all the data they need because the tech companies donโ€™t give them access.

    This has been a concern of mine since I first commissioned a handbook about harmful online content โ€“ Journalism, Fake News & Disinformation: Handbook for Journalism Education and Training โ€“ six years ago. My experience since then includes overseeing a major UN study called Balancing Act: Countering Digital Disinformation While Respecting Freedom of Expression.

    Over the years, Iโ€™ve learnt that to dig into online disinformation, you need to get right inside the social media engines. Without comprehensive access to the data they hold, youโ€™re left in relative darkness about the workings of manipulators, the role of misled punters and the fuel provided by mysterious corporate algorithms.

    Monitoring

    Looking at social media in the South African elections, the researchers at the recent workshop shared how they were doing their best with what limited data they had. They were all monitoring text on social platforms. Some were monitoring audio, while a few were looking at โ€œsynthetic contentโ€ such as material produced with generative AI.

    About half of ten initiatives were tracking followers, impressions and engagement. Nearly all were checking content on Twitter; at least four were monitoring Facebook; three covered YouTube; and two included TikTok.

    WhatsApp was getting scant attention. Though most messaging on the service is encrypted, the company knows (but doesnโ€™t disclose) which registered user is bulk sending content to which others, who forwards this on, whether group admins are active or not, and a host of other โ€œmetadataโ€ details that could help monitors to track dangerous trajectories.

    But the researchers canโ€™t do the necessary deep data dives. Theyโ€™ve set out the difficult data conditions they work under in a public statement explaining how they are severely constrained in their access to data.

    One data source they use is expensive (and limited) packages from marketing brokers (who in turn have purchased data assets wholesale from the platforms).

    A second source is from analysing published posts online (which excludes in-group and WhatsApp communications). Using scraped data is limited and labour-intensive. Findings are superficial. And itโ€™s risky: scraping is forbidden in most platformsโ€™ terms of use.

    None of the researchers covering South Africaโ€™s elections have direct access to the platformsโ€™ own Application Programme Interfaces (APIs). These gateways provide a direct pipeline into the computer servers hosting data. This major resource is what companies use to profile users, amplify content, target ads and automate content moderation. Itโ€™s an essential input for monitoring online electoral harms.

    In the EU, the Digital Services Act enables vetted researchers to legally demand and receive free, and potentially wide-ranging, API access to search for โ€œsystemic risksโ€ on the platforms.

    Itโ€™s also more open in the US. There, Meta, the multinational technology giant that owns and operates Facebook, Instagram and WhatsApp, cherrypicked 16 researchers in the 2020 elections (of which only five projects have published their findings). The company has subsequently outsourced the judging of Facebook and Instagram access requests (from anywhere worldwide) to the University of Michigan.

    One of the South African researchers tried that channel, without success.

    Other platforms such as TikTok are still making unilateral decisions, even in the US, as to who has data access.

    Outside the EU and the US, itโ€™s hard even to get a dialogue going with the platforms.

    The fightback

    Last November, I invited the bigger tech players to join a workshop in Cape Town on data access and elections in Africa. There was effectively no response.

    The same pattern is evident in an initiative earlier this year by the South African National Editorsโ€™ Forum. The forum suggested a dialogue around a human rights impact assessment of online risks to the South African elections. They were ignored.

    Against this background, two South African NGOs โ€“ the Legal Resources Centre and the Campaign for Free Expression โ€“ are using South Africaโ€™s expansive Promotion of Access to Information Act to compel platforms to disclose their election plans.

    But the companies have refused to respond, claiming that they do not fall under South African jurisdiction. This has led to appeals being launched to the countryโ€™s Information Regulator to compel disclosures.

    Further momentum for change may also come from Unesco, which is promoting international Guidelines for the Governance of Digital Platforms. These highlight transparency and the issue of research access. Unesco has also published a report that I researched titled Data Sharing to Foster Information as a Public Good.

    In the works is an incipient African Alliance for Access to Data, now involving five pan-African formations. This coalition (Iโ€™m interim convenor) is engaging the African Union on the issues.

    But thereโ€™s no guarantee yet that all this will lead the platforms to open up data to Africans and researchers in the global south.The Conversation

    Guy Berger, Professor Emeritus, Rhodes University, Rhodes University

    This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

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  • How a Nigerian spends just 1,000 naira on 3 square meals a day

    For breakfast I had Bread and steaming hot Hausa KOKO (Pap) with No milk or sugar just enough ginger and cloves to spice up my morning.

    Bread- โ‚ฆ100
    (This bread is the cheapest you can get in this region. It tastes like cardboard paper but it is very filling. Some people say it is so cheap because they mix the flour with gero millet and sawdust)

    Koko -โ‚ฆ50

    Breakfast TOTAL = โ‚ฆ 150


    For lunch, I love to eat light so i wonโ€™t feel lazy or sleepy while I work.

    Rice- โ‚ฆ200 (the woman selling is so stingy with her rice)

    Beef โ‚ฆ100 and ponmo โ‚ฆ 50

    I also bought some oranges to snack on. I make sure I take fruits everyday.

    3 pieces of orange- โ‚ฆ50

    LUNCH TOTAL= โ‚ฆ400

    Tip: if you want to buy food always make sure you go with your own plate. Donโ€™t allow them to serve you food in plastic bag or styrofoam


    For dinner, I had Beans. It was very filling and I enjoyed a good nightโ€™s sleep.

    Beans- โ‚ฆ300

    That’s less than 1k naira

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  • Protected: Ulcer treatment guide ebook

    This content is password protected. To view it please enter your password below:

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  • School Girl Answers Mathematics Questions Like Computer

    A girl displayed great intelligence during the Interswitch Spak as she answered mathematics questions with good speed.

    You can see the girl in a video, the girl, Dora Chinenyenwa, demonstrated a lot of excellence in the way she answered the questions thrown at her.

    The Nigerian girl answers mathematics questions with speed.

    The girl gave answers to mathematics questions at the Interswitch Spak.

    The mathematics questions came in quick succession, but she kept getting the answers correctly in a way that attracted applause from the audience.

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  • This African country prepares exporting its first crude ever!

     

    In Niger, political intrigues are changing the face of the country. But thereโ€™s one thing standing out. That country is about to enter the business of exporting crude oil.

    The new business dispensation is made known by the ruling military authority under the leadership of Abdourahamane Tiani.

    The government of Niger hopes to accomplish this mission through the use of the newly constructed Niger-Benin pipeline. Business is expected to commence in January 2024.

    According oil experts, this makes a significant milestone for the country in a bid to boost its economic strength.

    The business will have Chinese energy giant, PetroChina in full support. The 2,000 kilometer pipeline stretches from Agadem oilfield in Niger to the port of Cotonou.

    Empathically, Tiani announced: We can hope for first releases of barrels of Nigerien crude next January. He also stated that Niger will receive 25.4 percent of the revenue coming from sales of the crude.

    The pipeline that will carry the crude was commissioned last month by the civilian prime minister appointed the military.

    Niger, said to be one of the poorest states in the world, will sell its crude on the international oil market for the very first time.

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